HIV Test
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What this test measures
An HIV test detects antibodies to HIV (proteins produced by the immune system in response to HIV infection), HIV antigens (parts of the virus itself), or both. The recommended HIV testing algorithm begins with a combination immunoassay that detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and HIV-1 p24 antigen. The p24 antigen is a viral protein that appears earlier in infection than antibodies, allowing for earlier detection of HIV.
This blood test can identify both HIV-1 (the most common type worldwide) and HIV-2 (primarily found in West Africa). An antigen/antibody test performed by a lab on blood from a vein can usually detect HIV infection 18 to 45 days after exposure. If the initial test is reactive, follow-up testing is automatically performed to confirm the results and determine which type of HIV is present.
Who should consider this test
You might consider this test if you are experiencing any of the following:
- Anyone who has had unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with a partner whose HIV status is unknown
- Individuals who have shared needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment
- People who have been diagnosed with another sexually transmitted infection, as STIs can increase HIV risk
- Those with multiple sexual partners or whose partner has multiple sexual partners
- Anyone who has received a blood transfusion or blood products in countries with less rigorous blood screening
- Individuals experiencing symptoms that may indicate acute HIV infection, such as fever, fatigue, or swollen lymph nodes within 2-4 weeks of potential exposure
What to expect
Preparation
No special preparation needed. You can eat and drink normally before the test. No fasting is required.
Sample Type
A healthcare professional will draw a small amount of blood from a vein in your arm using a sterile needle
Collection
Visit any participating lab location with a valid photo ID. The blood draw takes just a few minutes and is performed by trained laboratory staff
Turnaround
Results are typically available within 1-3 business days and will be securely delivered through your online account
Understanding your results
HIV tests will come back either negative, meaning the test did not detect HIV, or positive, meaning the test did detect HIV. If you have a positive test result, you will need a follow-up blood test to confirm the results. The lab report will include reference ranges and interpretive information specific to the testing methodology used. It's important to understand that HIV testing follows a specific algorithm designed to maximize accuracy.
| Population | Reference Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| All adults | Nonreactive/Negative or Reactive/Positive | Results are reported qualitatively, not as numerical values |
| Confirmed positive | Additional testing differentiates HIV-1 from HIV-2 | Follow-up testing determines specific HIV type and may include viral load measurement |
Reference ranges shown are general guidelines. Your lab report will include the specific reference range used by the laboratory that processed your sample, which is the authoritative range for interpreting your results.
What does a “Low” result mean?
If your HIV test result is negative, it doesn't necessarily mean you don't have HIV. If the test result is negative, get tested again after the window period to be sure. A negative result during the window period (the time between infection and when the test can detect HIV) may not reflect your true status if you were recently exposed to HIV.
What does a “High” result mean?
A reactive or positive result indicates that HIV antibodies and/or antigens were detected in your blood sample. If your follow-up test is also positive, it means you have HIV. This result means you should begin discussions with a healthcare provider about HIV treatment options, which can help you maintain your health and prevent transmission to others.
Privacy & confidentiality
Your HIV test results are completely confidential and are delivered securely through your private online account. Results are not shared with employers, insurance companies, or anyone else without your explicit written consent. All testing is conducted in full compliance with HIPAA privacy regulations and state confidentiality laws.
Frequently asked questions
Related tests
CPT Code: 87389
This test may not be available in: NY, NJ, RI
This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider regarding any health concerns. LevelPanel does not diagnose, treat, or prescribe.
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